Chapter 99 : Chapter 99 The Laws of Muktzeh on Yom Tov

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§1

All Muktzeh, that is forbidden to be handled on Shabbos, is also forbidden to be handled on Yom Tov. Some authorities say, things that are purposely excluded from use and things excluded from use because of their filth, even though they may be handled on Shabbos, they may not be handled on Yom Tov.¹Shulchan Aruch 495:4. Since some melachos are permitted for preparation of food on Yom Tov, the Sages feared people might not view Yom Tov with the proper seriousness, and, therefore, were more stringent regarding muktzeh on Yom Tov than on Shabbos. (see Mishnah Berurah 495:15) Therefore, fruits²Even though you may handle muktzeh for preparation of food, it is permitted only to remove the muktzeh in order to take the food etc., but you may not use the muktzeh itself, even for food or its preparation. (Magein Avraham, Mishnah Berurah 508:31) that were set aside for sale, are forbidden to be handled on Yom Tov, unless you designate them on erev Yom Tov by saying: "I will eat from this fruit³The Ramah 495:4 rules that only livestock must be designated, but regarding fruits etc., it is sufficient to say you will take from the pile. The Rif, Rambam, Rosh, Meiri, Magein Avraham etc. rule that even fruits must be designated and that it is necessary to make some sign or notation to this effect. The Meiri explains that the purpose of a sign is to remember which ones were selected; therefore, one who has a good memory need not make a sign. (see Biur Halachah 495:4) tomorrow." Concerning fruit that is scheduled to be sold a little at a time, you may be lenient.

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§2

It is forbidden to handle an egg that was laid on Yom Tov,⁴Ramah 513:1. But the Mishnah Berurah 513:3 rules as the Shulchan Aruch, Taz, Magein Avraham and Vilna Gaon that since it is round and moves very easily, you are not even allowed to touch it. but you may cover it with a vessel so that it should not break.⁵But care must be taken not to touch it with the vessel. (Shulchan Aruch 513:4, see footnote 4) If it was laid on the first day (of Yom Tov), you may eat it on the second day, but if the second day of Yom Tov occurs on Shabbos, it is forbidden on Shabbos as well. Similarly, if the first day occurs on Shabbos, and it was laid on that day, it is forbidden also on the following day, which is the second day of Yom Tov. Whenever Shabbos borders on Yom Tov, whether before or after it, if it is laid on either of these days, it is forbidden on the other (also). And on Rosh Hashanah, even if it was laid on the first day, it is forbidden on the second day. (The two days of Rosh Hashanah are considered one long day, only concerning restrictive measures, as in this case. In reference to the law regarding the other yomim tovim, [however] when it is forbidden to prepare [food] on the first day for the second day, there is no difference between other yomim tovim and Rosh Hashanah. It is also forbidden to do so on Rosh Hashanah, because to effect a relaxation of the law we do not say it is considered one long day.)⁶See Chapter 101:6 and footnote. And if Rosh Hashanah occurs on Thursday and Friday, even if it was laid on Thursday, it is forbidden on Shabbos as well. If a hen was slaughtered and eggs found inside it, even if they are fully developed, they are permitted even on that day.

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§3

Wood may not be handled except to burn as fuel, but (if) not for burning, it is forbidden to handle it. Therefore, you may not support a pot or a door with a piece of wood.⁷Shulchan Aruch 502:3. This refers to dry wood which is fit for fuel and thus can be handled and used for fuel. (Magein Avraham, Eliyohu Rabbah, Vilna Gaon, Mishnah Berurah) However, the Mishnah Berurah 502:21 cites Beis Meir’s ruling that in a pressing situation, you may rely on the Taz and others who maintain the Shulchan Aruch refers to damp wood that is not fit for fuel and is, therefore, considered muktzeh, and this type of muktzeh is forbidden on Yom Tov.

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§4

Ashes (of wood) that was burned before Yom Tov may be handled on Yom Tov because it was fit (before Yom Tov) for all the necessities of man; such as to cover excrement with it or (to cover) saliva and similar things. If the ashes are made from a fire that burned on Yom Tov, then if it is still so hot that an egg can be roasted on it, it may be handled for all the necessities of man. But if it has cooled off, it is forbidden to be handled because it is nolad [newly created],⁸Anything that is no longer fit for the purpose it had at twilight of the eve of Yom Tov, or anything that has come into being this day is nolad (like a chair that was broken on Yom Tov). (see Shulchan Aruch 501:6, Magein Avraham 308:15 and Shulchan Aruch Harav 495:13) (that is) yesterday it was wood and today it is ashes, and this is more stringent than muktzeh.

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§5

If you ate nuts before Yom Tov, you may burn their shells (for fuel). But if you ate them on Yom Tov, you may not burn their shells and it is forbidden to even handle them. Similarly, other peels, even though they are fit for animals, (may not be handled them) because they are nolad; for yesterday they were fit for human consumption.